The formula for discounted payback period is DPP = -ln (1 –
Id/C) / ln (1+d), wherein I is the initial investment, d is the discount rate,
and C is the cash flow. Substituting values, DPP = - ln(1-((0.12)($100)/$27)) /
ln(1+0.12). Therefore, DDP is equal to 5.19 years.
 
        
             
        
        
        
A study of the growth of English language learners (ELLs) in first-time kindergarten students (N = 19,890) from kindergarten through eighth grade was conducted. 
Growth curve analyses showed that, when other factors were held constant, ELLs continued to improve at a steeper rate on these social/behavioral outcomes than their native English-speaking peers. 
In kindergarten, teachers rated ELLs more favorably on approaches to learning, self control, and externalizing behaviors than native English speakers did. 
Depending on the grade at which English competence is reached, ELLs and native English speakers achieve reading and math skills differently.
To be more precise, ELLs who were proficient by the time they entered kindergarten kept up with native English speakers in both reading and math initially and over time. 
ELLs who were proficient by the time they entered first grade had modest gaps in reading and math achievement compared to native English speakers that either narrowed or persisted over time. 
Learning English before entering kindergarten is associated with superior cognitive and behavioral results through the eighth grade for students whose first language is not English.
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1) Production Opportunities
2) Time Preferences for Consumption
3) Risk
4) Inflation
Explanation:
These are the factor reflects the ‘cost of money. The cost of the borrowing is the rate of interest paid by the lender to the creditor by the supply and demand of the assets.
1) Production Opportunities  : Investment Opportunities to produce competitive (cash) assets.
2) Time Preferences for Consumption  : Present market choice rather than potential demand savings.
3) Risk  : The probability of a small or unfavourable return on an investment.
4) Inflation  : The price will growing over time.
 
        
             
        
        
        
The factors that are used in the rule-of-thumb methods to determine the communication budget is "Prior sales and communication activities".
<h3>What is rule-of-thumb method?</h3>
The rule of thumb would be a cognitive guideline that offers basic guidelines or guidance that is distilled for a certain topic or course of action.
Some characteristics of rule-of-thumb are-
- A general rule of thumb an unofficial practical guidance that offers streamlined rules that generally apply.
- Numerous financial rules of thumb provide advice on how much should be saved, how much should be paid for a home, where and how to invest, and other topics.
- Rules of thumb may not apply to your specific scenario because they not scientific and don't take into consideration the unique circumstances and demands of each individual.
- It is a fundamental principle that provides step-by-step guidelines for carrying out or handling a specific task.
- In contrast to scientific study or a theoretical underpinning, rules of thumb typically emerge through experience and practice.
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Answer:
China has the bigger economy than Australia 
Explanation: