Active transport is different from diffusion because it requires energy expenditure, while diffusion requires no energy at all. In diffusion, materials are moving from areas of high concentration across the cell membrane into areas of low concentration. This requires no energy on the part of the cell. In active transport, however, the cell is moving material between two areas of equal concentration, or from an area of low concentration into an area of high concentration. This requires the cell to expend energy.
As powerful as diffusion is, cells sometimes must move materials in the opposite direction—against a concentration difference. This is accomplished by a process known as active transport. As its name implies, active transport requires energy.
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