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Why antibiotic-associated diarrhea occurs isn't completely understood. It's commonly thought to develop when antibacterial medications (antibiotics) upset the balance of good and bad bacteria in your gastrointestinal tract.
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Chromatin condensation begins during prophase (2) and chromosomes become visible. Chromosomes remain condensed throughout the various stages of mitosis (2-5). ... However, when eukaryotic cells are not dividing — a stage called interphase — the chromatin within their chromosomes is less tightly packed.
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https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/chromosomes-14121320/
The liver is your largest internal organ. About the size of a football, it's located mainly in the upper right portion of your abdomen — beneath the diaphragm and above your stomach — but a small portion extends into the upper left quadrant.
The process of making multiple copies of a gene by inserting it into a host genome and culturing the host is an example of gene cloning.