Confounding variables are stimuli other than independent variables that may affect the outcome of the study and lead to erroneous conclusions. These variables become a factor when researchers are unable to prevent or eliminate them. These variables can make the results found during experiments invalid because they do not reflect the original variables in the experiment or research.
Answer:
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A. Learned helplessness
Explanation:
This is a mental condition in which an animal or individual accepts a bad condition and believes there is no control or solution to it due to excessive exposure. The individual believes there is little or no hope to break free from the condition and willingly surrenders without putting up a fight.
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Truth in sentencing movement
Explanation:
Truth in sentencing movement - Truth in sentencing (TIS) is a set of various but linked social policy positions on the sentencing of those found guilty of offences in the judicial system. To decrease the likelihood of earlier release from rehabilitation, truth in sentencing legislation are implemented.