Answer :
a. class and caste.
Explanation:
The class and caste system of the Hindus was a major restriction on the social mobility of individuals who practiced Hinduism. A restrictive class system that divided individuals into class hierarchies contrasted Hinduism with Islam which already has a sharply contrasting religion from that practiced by the Hindus(Hinduism). The class and caste system in Hinduism was a major deterrent in the practice and caused individuals fleeing from it for Islam which didn't have any class restrictions
Spurred by the Pakistan Movement, which sought a homeland for the Muslims of British India, and election victories in 1946 by the All-India Muslim League, Pakistan gained independence in 1947 after the Partition of the British Indian Empire
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Basically, the main factor that lead to the English civil war was King Charles I. He blamed the parliament for the many failures of his father King James I. He often had quarrels with the parliament over money as the parliament had a sufficient amount of money while he did not. He then locked up the parliament members and did not allow them to meet. Eventually he needed the help of the parliament members again as he needed more funds. He tried to arrest the Parliament members again but they were able to escape to London. Meanwhile, Charles was planning to raise an army to fight the parliament to control England. This is what lead to the Civil War