I believe the answer is Shaping.
Shaping is a  reinforcement technique which use a reward that given gradually after the subject is showing a certain desired traits.
On parakeets, this could be done by giving them a food reward everytime they move their head closer to the place where we want it to be (closer to your cheek)
        
             
        
        
        
It was called as Beth Din. In general Jewish laws and teachings discourage one Jew from suing another in a civil court. That's why rabbinical courts were made for that very purpose. The Jewish court has an orthodox method used by Jews whenever they have civil disputes.
        
             
        
        
        
That he is married to trouble 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer: Cereals and breads in the United States and Canada are now fortified with folic acid.
Explanation:
Many countries have commanded the addition of folic acid to certain foods to reduce the possibilities of the appearance of neural tube defects, with quite successful results. 
In 1998, the United States required folic acid fortification of all cereal grain products identified as enriched. That same year, Canada required fortification of white flour, enriched pasta, and cornmeal. 
Costa Rica, Chile and South Africa have also experienced a decrease in neural tube defects as a consequence of the fortification process. 
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer: Portugal
Explanation:
The Portuguese in 16th century, 1526 to be precised, carried out the first Atlantic slave trade, this traded to Brazil.