<span>The correct answer is A. James Madison. The papers were written by three men, James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton. Only James Madison became the president while Alexander Hamilton became something like the first Secretary of Treasure, only in older times when the function was a bit different than what it is now.</span>
As trade grew, Medieval cities became overcrowded and unnecessary. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the third option or option "c". The other options that are given in the question can be neglected. I hope that the answer has actually come to your help.
During the American Civil War.
If Theodosius had not divided the Roman Empire, I believe that the Roman Empire would not have been as corrupt and would have been stronger against it's enemies and it would stay alive longer. But, if he never did split the Roman Empire, then it would've kept growing to the point where it was too large and too hard to control, leading to Rome's fall.
Montesquieu believed in separation of powers where power checks power and no one should abuse power. Mary Wollstonecraft advocated for women's rights. Voltaire main thought was for tolerance. John Locke believed in natural rights of life, liberty, and property.