The final stage of apartheid<span>'s demise happened so quickly as to have taken many people in South Africa and throughout the world by surprise. The release of </span>Nelson Mandela<span> in February 1990 and the lifting of the ban of the </span>African National Congress<span> (ANC) and other liberation movements led to a protracted series of negotiations out of which emerged a democratic constitution and the first free election in the country's history. Democracy did not emerge spontaneously; it had to be built laboriously, brick by brick. This was a complex process, following years of multifaceted struggle and accompanied in the 1990-1994 period by convulsive violence as vested interests resisted change. Probably unique in the history of colonialism, white settlers voluntarily gave up their monopoly of political power. The final transfer of power was remarkably peaceful; it is often is described as a "miracle" because many thought that South Africa would erupt into violent civil war. </span>
During his long reign, some of the methods that Franz Josef used to maintain his Habsburg empire were:
- 1. He crushed a revolt by his Hungarian subjects and executed their leaders.
- 2. He split his empire into Austrian and Hungarian parts, and set up a parliament in Budapest.
<h3>What did Franz Josef do?</h3>
Franz Josef was a Habsburg emperor who was responsible for enlarging it and making it a very large empire. To do this, he needed to be ruthless sometimes.
One such time was when he crushed a revolt by the Hungarians and then killed their leaders as punishment. He then split the empire into the Austrian and Hungarian parts leading the empire being called the Austria - Hungary empire.
Find out more on Franz Josef at brainly.com/question/3868174
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