Explanation: Mutation is a permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of a DNA. This change occurs during replication where one or more base pairs is either substituted, inserted or deleted in the nucleotide sequence of a DNA. These alterations in the DNA sequence produce permanent changes in the genetic information encoded in the DNA. Substitution mutation occurs when one or more base pairs are replaced by another. Insertion mutation occurs when one or more base pairs are added in a nucleotide sequence while deletion mutation occurs when one or more base pairs are removed from a DNA sequence. When these mutations are not adequately repaired by the DNA repair system, these will lead to production of an RNA with an altered nucleotide sequence and will result in the production of a protein with an altered amino acid sequence. The alteration in the amino acid sequence of the protein will result in loss of or altered function of the protein and will ultimately lead to the expression of a different trait in the organism.
