Thomas Jefferson generally despised Alexander Hamilton. The root of his hatred being the fight over the Constitution. Hamilton believed that the constitution should be read loosely and that most of it was up for interpretation. Jefferson strongly disagreed and he believed that the Constitution was set in stone. Anything not included in the constitution was wrong and anything included and any body who abides by the Constitution was correct. Thus leading to political parties. The original parties being the Jeffersonians and the Hamiltonians. People sided while Washington tried to remain neutral. In the end after many debates and given speeches, Hamilton won the rights to create the National Bank. Jefferson believed in agriculture, while Hamilton believed in Industry.
I would say that Hakim calls the late 1800s an Age of Extremes because A. only extremely few people possessed significant wealth and power and B. there was an extremely large gap between the rich and the poor. I don't think the poor were given those opportunities.