They built aqueducts that retrieved water from the mountains
The statement or situation that portrays inadequate data is the third one: Rupal determines aluminum is the most reactive metal by completing only half of her experiment. By not completing the experiment, this student has obtained inadequate data and reached a wrong conclusion. The most reactive metal (the most likely to undergo a chemical reaction in contact with water, acids, and steam, for instance) in the reactivity series list is actually potassium, not aluminum (although aluminum is indeed a very reactive metal).