Question

Predict the effects of the following types of gene mutations on the protein encoded by that gene (your answer can be just a few words for each).
Nonsense mutation
Missense mutation
Synonymous (silent) mutation
Single nucleotide insertion or deletion
Three nucleotide deletion
Chromosomal translocation

Answer 1

Answer:

Nonsense mutation: it causes a premature stop codon, so the protein cannot be fully synthesized.

Missense mutation: it causes change on the aminoacid encoded, so it can cause a change in the protein structure if the new aminoacid doesn't have the same chemichal properties as the original.

Synonymous (silent) mutation: it causes no change, the same aminoacid is encoded.

Single nucleotide insertion or deletion: changes the entire structure of the protein because it shifts the reading frame.

Three nucleotide deletion: one aminoacid will no longer be part of the protein, if this aminoacid was located, for example, on the active site of an enzyme, the protein could lose its function.

Chromosomal translocation: it can break a gene in two, causing the protein to no longer be able to be synthesized, or it can change the transcription regulation because it is now under the effect of other regulating sites that result in a different transcription pattern.