When a patient is treated with large doses of atropine, the nurse should look out for symptoms relating to the drug's antimuscarinic properties like blurred vision, constipation, difficulty with urination, skin rash and xerostomia.
Sinus Bradycardia is a condition whereby a person's heart rhythm is slower than normal ( in adults, it could be as slow as 50 beats per minute ). When this occurs, the heart pumps blood too slowly to supply the patient's body system with enough blood. it happens to mostly adults over the age of 60 years. If conditions persist despite respiratory support, atropine is administered.
Atropine is an anticholinergic drug used to increase the heart rate of a person having sinus bradycardia. When administered in large doses, the patient experiences adverse side effects due to the drug's antimuscarinic effects, like blurred vision, constipation and xerostomia.
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Answer:
A)
%
B)
%
Explanation:
A) Given
Frequency of individuals in the population having recessive phenotypes
%
Frequency of individuals in the population having recessive phenotypes is represented by 

Thus frequency of recessive genes is equal to 
frequency of dominant genes is equal to

Now,

% of genes exist in the heterozygous condition
B.
Frequency of individuals in the population having recessive phenotypes
%
Frequency of individuals in the population having recessive phenotypes is represented by 

Thus frequency of recessive genes is equal to 
frequency of dominant genes is equal to

Now,

% of genes exist in the heterozygous condition
Answer:
Several 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiapyrimidine nucleosides were studied for their ability to inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA replication in a HBV-transfected cell line (2.2.15). 2',3'-Dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (SddC) and 5-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine(5-FSddC) were found to be the most potent anti-HBV compounds of those examined. Both compounds resulted in nearly complete cessation of viral DNA replication at 0.5 microM, as monitored by the absence of both intracellular episomal and secreted viral DNAs. The HBV-specific RNAs were not reduced at concentrations that completely blocked HBV DNA replication, suggesting that the inhibitory target is HBV DNA synthesis. The antiviral action of SddC and 5-FSddC was reversible. The concentration of SddC and 5-FSddC required to inhibit 50% of 4-day cell growth in culture was 37 microM and more than 200 microM, respectively. Unlike 2',3'-dideoxycytidine, these two compounds do not affect mitochondrial DNA synthesis in cells at concentrations lower than that required to inhibit cell growth. In view of the potent and selective antiviral activity, both SddC and 5-FSddC should be further evaluated for the treatment of human HBV infection.
Explanation:
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