The trail of tears was caused because the American settlers had been pressuring the federal government to remove Indians, mostly Cherokee and Chickasaw tribes, from the Southeast. Many settlers were settling on or around Indian lands, while others wanted more land to be available to European settlers. So, the correct answer would be A.
Ernest Rutherford contributed to the atomic theory by discovering that the atom is mostly empty space.
He can to that conclusion because he fired alpha particles at gold foil, which was so thin that it was only around .00004 cm thick, and while almost all shot straight through, some actually bounced back!
He likened it to shooting a 15-inch round(bullet) at tissue paper, only to have it bounce right back at you! Based on this, he theorized that the atom is mostly empty, which is why a majority of the particles passed right through, but in the very center of the atom there is a super-dense structure called a nucleus that held a majority of the atom's mass. This super-dense mass would be more than massive enough to deflect the particle, should they collide.
They were hated, tortured, and people attempted to kill them until they reached Utah. They called it their "Zion".
1) Factions can only arise in a consensus of freedom, because tyrannical governments do not allow opposition or different way of thinking, that is why a faction arises in the middle of freedom.
2) According to Tomas Jefferson, problems and internal differences were something that had to be accepted, and he preferred it instead of submitting to a foreign government that will inevitably create situations of oppression and tyranny. Jefferson had no problem dealing with factions, because he trusted the citizens who, well informed with their own government, would be able to settle differences and reach an agreement that would benefit all parties involved.