Yes because you cannot establish credibility without a source that is experienced on the research topic. it would be like a janitor writing journals about brain surgery when he never went to school to get his doctorate degree and has no valid knowledge of the topic.
Answer: Encoding
Explanation:
Encoding in terms of communication pattern is defined as generating the meaning of message that a person wants to convey through symbols so that audience or other person can get to know idea of message.Concept gets communicated through this process.
According to the question, Robert is using his smile as encoding medium through which he tends to display and communicate his friendly nature as a salesperson. Communication after smile symbol helps the other people understand the concept .
The Nina, The Pinta, and The Santa Maria