The ratio of 5 to 5+3 is equivalent to the ratio of 15 to 15+x. This is because when you have a triangle inside of a triangle and both of them share two of the same sides and the third sides are parallel to each other, the side ratios of the triangles are always proportionate.
Starting equation
Simplify
Cross multiply
Distributive Property on left and simplify on right
Isolate the variable
Divide both sides by 5 (Division Property of Equality)