Answer:
The author openly states a character's traits
Explanation:
The first one: c. He gave his own goats just sufficient food to keep them alive, but fed the strangers more abundantly in the hope of enticing them to stay with him and of making them his own.
The second one: d. “As he had a compassionate heart he pulled out his needle and thread, and sewed her together.” and e. “…but as the tailor used black thread, all beans since then have a black seam.”
