Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The effector response that increases the body is not associated with vasodilation of dermal blood vessels.
The skins's immense blood supply helps in temperature regulation of the body. The dilated blood vessels helps in heat loss and lowers the body temperature.
Unlike, them the vasoconstriction retains heat and increases the body temperature.
So, the correct answer is option A
Competition because they are fighting over a limited resource.
So option B (hybrids have lower fitness than either parent population) is the correct answer.
What is Reinforcement?
Reinforcement is a consequence used in behavioral psychology to strengthen an organism's future behavior when that activity is preceded by a specific antecedent stimulus. This strengthening impact can be quantified as a higher frequency of behavior, a longer duration of behavior, a greater volume of behavior, or a shorter latency.
To learn more about Reinforcement
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