After the collapse the Pope became isolated in rome and bishops started to operate on their own. It also resulted in a combination of secular and ecclesiastical activities and often the secular ones gained an upper hand.
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I was gonna say Court Appointment is the answer, but it could also be election procees.
Answer:
This isn't even a chemistry question
D) The rise of Jim Crow laws in the South.
Explanation:
By the beginning 1870s, sharecropping was the procedure adopted which was recognized to control cultivation beyond the South-land which was cotton-planting areas.
Under this system, black population groups will be permitted to utilize small plots of land, or employment, to work themselves in recovery, they would give a portion of their harvest to the landowner after the year.