Answer:
This means that one amino acid can be coded by more that one codon.
Explanation:
A triplet code that code for an amino acid during translation is called genetic code. The genetic code is said to be redundant because a single amino acid can be coded by more that one triplet codon.
So there can be synonymous codon for one amino acid. For example, leucine, serine, and arginine have 6 synonymous codons.
The genetic code is unambiguous also because each triplet codon can only code for a particular single amino acid. Genetic code is also universal which means the same code is used in all life forms.
Answer:
Crystal form refers to the geometric shape of mineral crystals. Crystal form is caused by the symmetrical, three-dimensional arrangement of atoms inside the mineral.
Explanation:
Answer:
The answer is D. Mechanical Energy to Chemical Energy
Explanation:
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
A biological species can be defined as the concept which includes the group of individual which lives in one or more population that can reproduce among each other to produce viable species.
Speciation is the phenomenon by which one group of species gets separated from another. The species gets diverge due to reproductive isolation or due to geographical isolation.
Hence, the correct answer is option C
Answer:
For both actin and microtubule polymerization, nucleotide hydrolysis is important for decreasing the binding strength between subunits on filaments.
Explanation:
Cytoskeletal filaments are common to eucaryotic cells and are impotartant to the spatial organization of cells. Intermediate filaments provide mechanical strength and resistance to shear stress. Microtubules determine the positions of membrane-enclosed organelles and direct intracellular transport. Actin filaments determine the shape of the cell's surface and are necessary for whole-cell locomotion. A large number of accessory proteins are present that link the filaments to other cell components, as well as to each other. Accessory proteins are essential for the assembly of the cytoskeletal filaments in particular locations, and it includes the motor proteins that either move organelles along the filaments or move the filaments themselves.
Actin filaments and microtubules are assembled with expenditure of energy i.e the ATP/GTP tightly bound to actin/tubulin is irreversibly hydrolyzed to ADP/GTP during the assembly process, and liberation of Pi in the medium occurs subsequent to the incorporation of subunits in the polymer. Pi release acts as a switch, causing the destabilization of protein-protein interactions in the polymer, therefore regulating the dynamics of these fibres. The progress is made in four areas: the chemistry of the NTPase reaction; the structure of the intermediates in nucleotide hydrolysis and the nature of the conformational switch; the regulation of parameters involved in dynamic instability of microtubules; and the possible involvement of nucleotide hydrolysis in the macroscopic organization of these polymers in highly concentrated solutions, compared with the simple case of a equilibrium polymers.
