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4 years ago

What are the limitations of gdp and gnp

Business

2 answers:

Ipatiy [6.2K]4 years ago

8 0

Limitation of Gross Domestic Products (GDP) Includes

GDP does not make any measures of welfare and only includes market transactions.GDP does not describe income distribution and what is being produced.

Failure to indicate whether the nation's rate of growth is sustainable or not and no degree of income inequality in society

Limitation of Gross National Products :

The same difficulty regarding economic and social costs arises because there is no identity between the economic costs of producing the current national output and the social costs of the output.

shutvik [7]4 years ago

7 0

The limitations of GDP. GDP is a useful indicator of a nation's economic performance, and it is the most commonly used measure of well-being. However, it has some important limitations, including: The exclusion of non-market transactions.

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Look at the table supply of lemonade. if the price of lemonade is $1 per cup, the total quantity of lemonade supplied will be:

yan [13]

We'd need the table to be sure.

3 0

3 years ago

Lark had net income for 2018 of S103,000. Lark had 38,000 shares of common stock outstanding at the beginning of the year and 44

Kryger [21]

Answer:

price earning ratio = 19.44 times

so correct option is c. 19.44

Explanation:

given data

net income = $103,000

common stock outstanding beginning = 38,000 shares

common stock outstanding ending = 44,000 shares

preferred stock outstanding = 5,000 shares

paid preferred dividends = $29,000

common stock = $35.00 per share

market price preferred stock = $55.00 per share

to find out

Lark's price earnings ratio

solution

first we get here average no of equity share that is

average no of equity share = common stock outstanding beginning + common stock outstanding ending ÷ 2

average no of equity share = $\frac{38000+44000}{2}$

average no of equity share = 41000 share

and

earning per share will be here as

earning per share = ( net income - paid preferred dividends ) ÷ average no of equity share

earning per share = $\frac{103000-29000}{41000}$

earning per share = $1.80

so here price earning ratio will be as

price earning ratio = $\frac{market\ price\ common\ share}{earning\ per\ share}$

price earning ratio = $\frac{35}{1.80}$

price earning ratio = 19.44 times

so correct option is c. 19.44

7 0

3 years ago

Business Law - Case: Contract Law

Brilliant_brown [7]

Answer:

The issue is whether Joe is liable to pay for Bob to Avarice Bank or not.

Joe should prevail.

Explanation:

The original contract is between bank and Bob and in that contract Joe is not involved. Secondly payment on someone' behalf always has to be a written contract.

According to UCC, suretyships have to be written for them to be enforceable. This is mentioned in Statute of Frauds. It clearly states that any gurantee by thrid party for payment of debts has to be in writing.

3 0

3 years ago

Asset A and B have expected returns of 5% and 3% per year respectively. Their annual volatilities are both 20% and the correlati

Novay_Z [31]

Answer:

1. Weight of A=0.5, Weight of B= 0.5

2. Asset A has the highest shape ratio. The weight of A and B in the optimal risky portfolio that has the highest shape ratio is:

Weight of A= 0.105, Weight of B= 0.895

Explanation:

Expected return of Asset A= 5%Expected return of Asset A= 5%

Expected return of Asset B= 3%

Annual volatilities of Asset A= 20%

Annual votalities of Asset B= 20%

1. Correlation coefficient = 30% = 0.3 < 1

Risk Free Rate = 1% =0.01

1. Weight of A and B in portfolio with minimal risk is:

Weight of A= β^2B - Cov (XAXB) /β^2A + β^2B - 2Cov (XAXB)

Therefore,

CovXAXB = PAB (Volatility of A) (Volatility of B)

= 0.3 × 0.2 × 0.2

= 0.012

Hence,

Weight of A= (0.2)^2 - 0.012 / (0.2)^2 + (0.2)^2 - 2(0.012)

Weight of A= 0.04 - 0.012 / 0.04 + 0.04 - 0.024

= 0.028/ 0.08 - 0.024

= 0.028/ 0.056

=0.5

Weight of A = 0.5

Weight of B= 1 - Weight of A

Weight of B= 1 - 0.5

Weight of B= 0.5

2. Shape ratio of A= RA - Rf / β

= 0.05 - 0.01 / 2

= 0.04/2

= 0.02 =20%

Shape ratio of B= RB - Rf / β

= 0.03 - 0.01/ 2

0.02 / 2

=0.01 = 10%

So, Asset A has the highest shape ratio

Cov (XAXB) = PAB (Volatility of A) (Volatility of B)

= 0.03 × 0.2 × 0.1

= 0.006

Weight of A= β^2B - Cov (XAXB) /β^2A + β^2B - 2Cov (XAXB)

Weight of A = (0.1)^2 - 0.006 / (0.2)^2 + (0.1)^2 - 2(0.006)

= 0.01 - 0.006 / 0.04 +0.01 - 0.012

= 0.004/ 0.05 - 0.012

= 0.004/ 0.038

= 0.105

Weight of A = 0.105

Weight of B= 1 - 0.105

Weight of B= 0.895

3 0

3 years ago

Croft Company sold land costing $10,000 for $12,000. In the investing activities section of the statement of cash flows, the com

Nezavi [6.7K]

Answer:

The answer is: B) An inflow of $12,000

Explanation:

Croft Company's cash flow should include the total cash inflow (the company received money) of $12,000. Even if the company bought the land the day before, paying the $10,000 yesterday, the cash flows are independent one from another. It should have recorded the outflow of $10,000 "yesterday".

7 0

3 years ago