A carbohydrate composed of two covalently bonded simple sugars is called a <u>disaccharide</u>.
Carbohydrates or sugars are one of the four main categories of the macromolecules that make up living things (the other three being nucleic acids, proteins and lipids). It can either be a simple sugar (sugar monomer or monosaccharide) or a polymer of simple sugars.
Carbohydrates are composed entirely of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen atoms. Simple sugars or monosaccharides contain six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms and six oxygen atoms. When two monosaccharides bond covalently, they form a disaccharide.
Some examples of disaccharides include:
- Sucrose or table sugar - It is made up of one glucose molecule and one fructose molecule
- Lactose or milk sugar - It is made up of one glucose and one galactose molecule
- Maltose or malt sugar - It is made up of two glucose molecules.
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Early land plants like mosses did not have vascular tissue. They must absorb their water directly from their surroundings, such as growing on rocks or trees that are moist. You find mosses in damp areas for this reason. They cannot grow in drier climates because they cannot pull water from the ground like vascular plants. Ferns are also suited to reproduce in more moist/humid climates because water must be present for their gametes (sperm and eggs) to find one another for fertilization. Seeds are adaptations by angiosperms and gymnosperms that allow for waterless fertilization. Either wind or animal pollinators help spread pollen and help the sperm reach egg cells for fertilization to occur. For that reason, these plants are better suited to survive in drier, modern climates.
Explanation:
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