Answer:
A) & B)
Explanation:
A) There are certain viruses that are present in both healthy and disease people.
Example: Polio virus is found in many human but it causes disesease in only 1% of human.
B) Viruses require host machinery for replication so they may not replicate in pure culture.
The postulate C is also violated, the virus may not produce disease in non-human experimental host because of inappropriate animal or vaccinated animal etc. Others exception includes, the same disease may be caused by various organisms and different organisms can also cause the same disease.
Answer & Explanation:
a) a) Mutualistic relationship differs from parasitism because the first one benefits both of the involved organisms. Otherwise, parasitism benefits only one of the organisms and it can harm the host. Therefore, the parasite would have to be smaller than the host and it would be somehow extracting energy from the host.
b) The direction of evolutionary changes would follow some kind of pattern, like coevolution. Therefore, analyzing the phylogenies individually and then contrasting them, would help to understand how the host, as well as the parasite, have been evolving.
c) The phylogeny would also help to understand what changed first, or if they changed together as a result of coevolution.
Answer:
mitosis
Explanation:
mitosis occurs after DNA in the nucleus has doubled
