The German Empire became the Weimar Republic after the disaster of World War One, as Germany embraced democracy. However, economic crisis led to Hitler’s dictatorship, and ultimately to World War Two. In 1929 as the Wall Street Crash led to a worldwide depression. Germany suffered more than any other nation as a result of the recall of US loans, which caused its economy to collapse. Unemployment rocketed, poverty soared and Germans became desperate. This led to a chain of events that ended in the destruction of German democracy: With the government unable to win a majority in the Reichstag, laws could only be passed by presidential decree. As a result, not enough action was taken to tackle the economic and social consequences of the Depression and Germans increasingly began to look to the political extremes for answers.
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The economy has been extremely stable since the recession ended ten years ago. By historical standards, the volatility of quarter-to-quarter changes in GDP is unusually low. This seems to be a repeat of the Great Moderation.
Here’s a description from my past article on the Great Moderation: “Think back to December 1982 and visualize a business leader with 25 years of experience. That executive had managed through five recessions. Now fast forward to December 2007 and visualize the next generation business leader. In that person's 25 years of experience, he or she had managed through only two recessions. Five recessions or two recessions over the course of 25 years: it makes a difference to how one perceives the world.”
The economy has ups and downs, frequently called business cycles, although the word “cycle” often connotes a regularity that the economy lacks. The volatility has calmed in the last 70 years compared to the era before World War II. It has calmed in two different ways. The frequency of recessions has dropped, and the incidence of unusually strong growth periods has dropped.
Not only were the last 70 years calm, the years from 1983 through 2007 were especially calm. So calm, in fact, that economists dubbed the era “The Great Moderation.”
Then the 2008-09 recession clobbered the economy, and economists declared the Great Moderation over. Since then, however, calm has returned. One economist said “the Great Moderation never really left. It just…treated itself to a two-year vacation.”
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Answer:
It had three major problems. First the Republic needed money to run, second there was a lot of graft and corruption amongst elected officials, and finally crime was running wild throughout Rome.
