<h2>Inbreeding </h2>
Explanation:
Inbreeding is defined as the formation of offspring which results from the mating of two closely related organisms
Inbreeding affects allele frequencies and genotype frequencies in a population in following ways:
- Inbreeding increases homozygosity
which in turn decreases the biological fitness of a population because there are chances that offsprings will be affected by deleterious traits in this case
- Inbreeding itself does not cause evolution, because allele frequencies do not change in the population as a whole
Answer:
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Explanation:
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle that helps make and transport proteins and lipids.
Answer:
b. Because they have a low affinity for the H+
Explanation:
All electrons that enter the transport chain come from NADH and FADH2 molecules that are produced in earlier phases of cellular respiration: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle.
NADH is very good at donating electrons in redox reactions (that is, its electrons are at a high energy level), so you can transfer your electrons directly to complex I and transform it back into NAD +. The movement of electrons through complex I in a series of redox reactions releases energy, which the complex uses to pump protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space.
FADH2 is not as good for donating electrons as NADH (that is, its electrons are at a lower energy level), so it cannot transfer its electrons to complex I. Instead, it introduces electrons to the transport chain through complex II, which does not pump protons through the membrane.
