During the Middle Ages and the Ancien Régime, the form of political organization in Europe was the hereditary monarchy, sustained by the feudal mode of production. Inside these monarchies, political power were scattered through several political centers, with their own laws and relative administrative autonomy. Society was hierarchically organized, with almost none social mobility. This kind of political organization was radically changed by the Enlightenment idea of “social contract”, which stated that political power were transferred from the people to the monarch, who, since then, ruled definitively as the unique source of rights and obligations, therefore, centralizing the political and legislative power in the king himself. Although, the king should guarantee a certain level of individual freedom, being the social contract limited by this goal.
Frederick II
joseph II
catherine the great
Invading Russia proved disastrous because of a few reasons:
1) Timing of invasion: While France invaded towards the middle of summer (the best time is summer), it just wasn't enough time to take over the strategic areas before winter set in, leading to the French defeat and eventual retreat from Russia.
2) Sheer size: Russia stretched across Eurasia, and because of this large extent covering thousands of square miles, Napoleon had a hard time locating and decisively taking over the land and guarding it, which led to infiltration, sabotage, and spies from the Russian empire.
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Answer:
The Progressive Era is considered from 1890 to 1920. The major role of the United States in global affairs during this period of time was its involvement in the war.
The military affairs of that time included the war with Spain, the war to conquer the Philippines and the entry into the First World W
