The upwelling is an upward displacement of marine waters, although the phenomenon also occurs in lakes and freshwater reservoirs. By the effect of the Coriolis force, originated in the rotation of the Earth, a column of moving water experiences a rotation of 90 ° in relation to the direction of the wind that caused it and that blows along the coast (east effect is called Ekman transport). In this way a wind that blows over the coast can cause a displacement of surface waters towards the offshore, compensated by a slow upward movement of deep waters in the direction of the coast, called upwelling or upwelling of waters. These upwelling waters are of low temperature and extremely rich in nutrients, resulting from the remineralization by bacteria of the organic remains that accumulate in the deeper layers of the water column. By contacting these mineral salts with the photosynthetic organisms that inhabit the surface layer of the sea, an enormous primary productivity results, which translates, through the food chain into a greater fishing biomass.
