Answer:
a toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.
Explanation:
SCA is a common monogenic blood disorder with potentially devastating consequences due to chronic and episodic disease; it has a massive impact on the health-care system and is linked to a significant reduction in life span.
We show that gene therapy with a lentivirus vector expressing γ-globin has the potential for a one-time cure and define the parameters required to cure the disease. We also show a preclinical in vivo method for determining the minimal amount of genetically corrected hematopoietic stem cells needed to correct disease, which is important in the design of clinical gene therapy trials.
The expression of the γ-globin gene in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) results in enough postnatal fetal hemoglobin (HbF) to correct sickle cell anemia (SCA) in the Berkeley "humanized" sickle mouse. We assessed critical parameters for correction after de-escalating the number of transduced HSCs in transplant recipients using reduced-intensity conditioning and varying gene transfer efficiency and vector copy number.
The minimal amount of HbF, F cells, HbF/F-cell, and gene-modified HSCs required for correcting the sickle phenotype was determined using a systematic quantification of functional and hematologic red blood cell (RBC) indices, organ pathology, and life span.
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Well the flu is a virus. Knowing it’s a virus we know they multiply by entering a cell and passing over there rna then converted to be dna and creating other versions of them selfs until cytolysis occurs meaning the cell explodes with these new viruses and do the same with other cells. Since these dna conventions to create protein body parts of virus means there’s a increase in chemical reactions in the body and enzyme production. Also since your body has an immune system it can sense these antigens from the virus’s and cause increase in certain white blood cells to come in and kill these viruses and cells. In essence chemical and enzyme reactions increase. To survive.
Answer:
Climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area. Weather can change from hour-to-hour, day-to-day, month-to-month or even year-to-year. A region's weather patterns, usually tracked for at least 30 years, are considered its climate
Explanation:
hope it will help you
A is the answer according to my notes
