The numerator of the return on common stockholders' equity is net income minus preferred dividends.
Option d
<u>Explanation:</u>
Return on common stockholders' equity which is also named as return on equity (ROE) ratio evaluates the accomplishment of a company in resulting income for the benefit of common stakeholders.
<em>Use of return on equity:</em>
- Isolates common equity returns
- Can be used to evaluate dividends
- Evaluates the use of capital by the management
It is calculated by income available for stockholders divided by the total number of common stock and is expressed or represented in percentage. Income available for common stockholders can be arrived by reducing preference dividends from Net income.
That is, 
Hence, net income minus preferred dividends is the right answer.
Answer:
Reserves
Explanation:
Risk is any uncertain event with positive or negative consequences on a project. Contingency costs are related to risks, and therefore cannot be disregarded in risk management within a project. It is essential that management plan and prevent for the project to occur in a predictable and effective manner.
Answer:
200 units
Explanation:
For computing the number of units produced each time we need to applied the economic order quantity formula which is shown below:

where,
Annual demand is 1,600 units
Ordering cost per order is $25
And, the carrying cost or holding cost per unit per year is $2
Now placing these values to the above formula
So, the economic order quantity is

= 200 units
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Original Cost -$120,000
Useful life -10 years
Residual Value - $20000
Annual depreciation - $(120,000-20000)/10 = $10,000
Accumulated depreciation for 4 years = 10*4= $40000
Book value at disposal = $120,000-$40000= $80000
Sales value = $35,000
Loss on disposal = $80,000-$35000= $45,000