Answer:
All the given statements are correct except b.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) refers to the ability of a microorganism to grow in the presence of drug or a chemical that would normally limit its growth or kill it.
It makes it difficult for the existing drugs to eliminate the infection as they become less effective against the microbe.
There are five major mechanisms by which a microbe attains resistance against antimicrobial chemical or drug:
- Drug modification or inactivation: A microbial enzyme inactivates the antimicrobial agent. For example, few bacteria produce β-lactamases which provide multi-resistance against β-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin, cephalosporin etc.
- Alteration or modification of target site: An altered target site prevents the antimicrobial agent from binding to its target. For example, alteration of penicillin binding protein (PBP) in Methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>(MRSA).
- Alteration of metabolic pathway: The microbe uses an alternative pathway to circumvent the blocked pathway. For example, sulfonamides-resistant bacteria started using preformed folic acid in place of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA).
- Decreased drug accumulation: Microbial efflux pumps remove the antimicrobial agent (before it could do any damage) by pumping it out of the cell.
- Decrease in cell permeability: The permeability of the microbial envelope to the antimicrobial agent is decreased
Answer:
so what happens to the wave length of a wave, when the frequency increases the wave length shortens/ decreases.
when the frequency decreases, the wave length increases.
<span>The complete question includes these choices: a. vitamin B6
b. calcium
c. water
d. protein The correct answer is c. water. Water has a peculiar chemical structure, with special and unique properties that are crucial for chemical reactions (eg good dissolving properties, resistance to pressure and fluidity throughout changes of state).</span>
Answer:
Yes they do
Explanation:
It produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
Answer:
The red blood cells could burst.
Explanation:
If they are given pure water, the IV fluid will be hypotonic to the blood cells. That means water will end the red blood cells by osmosis, from a high concentration outside to a lower concentration inside.
This will result in the red blood cells becoming swollen and even potential bursting.
