The Whigs was formed in 1830s and they opposed the tyrannical rule of Andrew Jackson, because they named themselves the 18th century British-American Whigs that opposed King George.
They believed in an active federal government that was committed to internal improvements, including the establishment of a national bank.
They were different because they were based on one god
Other laws in other regions were based around the idea of multiple gods so there were laws for various gods, agricultural, judicial, and similar things. The ten commandments were based around a single god which usually meant that it applied to everyone equally since they weren't followers of a whole pantheon and their differences.
The English, Spanish, and French mainly. And they were to colonize and dig for gold
The option which explains one way in which the Byzantine Empire continued the cultural traditions of the Romans is the second one - by using Latin as the primary written language, at least until the 7th century when they started using Greek.
A is a weird option - how can adapting Greek ideas be a continuation of Roman traditions? C is insulting. D is incorrect as Byzantine Empire didn't have gladiators.