Answer:
commensalism and herbivore
Explanation:
To be able to grasp the concept of the answer, let us discuss a bit on what commensalism; herbivore is.
Commensalism as a word is basically biological phrase in which during the relationship between creatures of different species or the same specie( for instance, lets say we have Specie A and Specie B).
It is a situation whereby members of specie A get benefits of the the relationship between the two species while specie B does not get any benefit from the relationship neither is it harmed by virtue of the relationship.
Herbivore: This can be classifies as animal category that specializes in the consumption of plants, roots and herb. Basically, plant makes up the majority of their diet.
Now, relating this definitions to the question asked, we can clearly see that The trophic facilitation phenomenon described by Hacker and colleagues involves direct interactions between two salt marsh plant species (Juncus and Iva) in the form of commensalism with indirect effects benefiting an herbivore of one of the plants
As the question is incomplete and there are no statements available based on which the question can be answered. But based on the knowledge it can be answered.
Answer:
Most of the corals contains photosynthetic algae which are known as zooxanthllae which lives in the tissues of the corals. Algae and corals have mutualistic relationship.
The corals provide algae space to live and algae provides coral food such as glucose and glycerols to them which are considered as products of photosynthesis.
If the producers are hampered by the catastrophic event then the main source of the food will be hampered. There will be less or no food source for the corals which covers a large area in the marine ecosystem.
There are chances that there will be more load on the other photosynthetic organism in water as there will be more population dependent on them for food.
Hence, if there is a loss of habitat for these protist other levels of food chain will be affected due to inter connection.
Flooding can have short and long term effects on the economy. They have large social consequences and huge environmental impacts. Damage to a city or town's infrastructure that cannot be easily accessed in order to be rebuilt due to flooding is a long term effect of flooding.
Answer: Tertiary consumers
A tertiary consumer in a food chain is an organism which is carnivorous in nature, which means it feeds upon other organism belonging to lower trophic level like secondary and primary consumers. In ocean foodchain the parrotfish feeds on marine plants which are producers and parrotfish is a primary consumer. This parrotfish is eaten up by big fish which is a secondary consumer. This big fish is feed up by shark. Therefore, shark belongs to tertiary consumers.
