Osmosis is mainly described as the movement of water or fluids through a permeable or semi-permeable membrane because of a specific difference in potential gradient. Applying the process of osmosis on wounds, such as into a scab or nosebleed, has been used since ancient times by Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians. They do this by applying salt water to wounds. Even today, salt water in the form of saline is still used to treat minor wounds and hasten their healing. Osmosis forces liquid in the cells to move out of the body, taking along with them any bacteria that has also entered through the wound; thus,<span> healing the wound area and leaving it a little dry. </span>
Type of break is cervical and lumbar curvatures.
If there are no ossification centers, there are no osteoblasts, no osteocytes, no spongy bone, which in turn means no compact bone thus no flat bones which serves as a protection layer.
Osteoclasts are large bone cells with up to 50 nuclei. They remove bone structure by releasing lysosomal enzymes and acids that dissolve the bony matrix. Intramembranous ossification directly converts the mesenchymal tissue to bone and forms the flat bones of the skull, clavicle, and most of the cranial bones. While bone resorption is performed by large immune cells called osteoclasts, osteoblasts, a type of specialized connective tissue-related cells, is responsible for making new bone.
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<span>Structures that have a similar evolutionary origin and structure but are adapted for different purposes, such as a bat wing and a human arm, are called </span>homologous.
Answer:
Helper T cells are arguably the most important cells in adaptive immunity, as they are required for almost all adaptive immune responses. They not only help activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to destroy ingested microbes, but they also help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells.
Explanation:
Helper T cells become activated when they are presented with peptide antigens by MHC class II molecules, which are expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Once activated, they divide rapidly and secrete cytokines that regulate or assist the immune response.
