In order to find the average you have to add up all the data values and then find the sum of the data values.

So on average he ran about 82.5 miles.
Answer=40 games
32games x games
________=________
80% 100%
Cross Multiply
80x=3200
divide both sides by 80
x=40games
80% of 40games is 32 games
The only math term I can think of is geometry and it means when a solid is cut through parallel to the base.
EDIT: After further research since it was all I could think of. This is the only math term for what you are looking for.
The annual snowfall for city B is 7.7 inches.
Since it is 12.5 inches more: 58.7 - 12.5 = 46.2
Since 46.2 is 6 times that of city B: 46.2 / 6 = 7.7