Answer:
its Mechanical digestion and Chemical digestion
Explanation:
CD4 and CD 8 are molecules present on the surface of T cells where they interact with major histocompatibility (MHC) Molecules.
CD4 and CD8 improve T cell signalling by attaching to MHC class II (CD4) or MHC class I (CD8) molecules on APCs.
- The association of CD4 with MHC class II significantly decreases the number of antigenic peptides necessary for T cell activation (5) and significantly boosts cytokine output by helper T cells.
The MHC molecules' wide polymorphism is their distinguishing trait.
- This polymorphism is crucial for T cell antigen recognition.
- A T cell detects antigen as a peptide bound by a specific allelic variation of an MHC molecule and will not identify the identical peptide bound by other MHC molecules.
- This type of T cell activity is known as MHC limitation.
Hence, the correct answer is option C
Learn more about MHC here,
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# SPJ4
Answer:
Cortisol
Explanation:
The most important human glucocorticoid is the cortisol. It is also called hydrocortisone or stress hormone. It is produced in the zona fasciculata layer of the adrenal cortex of the adrenal glands. It controls blood sugar level between meals. It helps in maintaining blood pressure by controlling salt and water balance. It also control a response to stress by making more glucose from proteins and fats.
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Answer:
Hypersensitivity is also known as intolerance which is defines as an unwanted reactions due to changes or interference with immune system for example allergies and autoimmunity. Hypersensitivity is the reaction of immune system that can be harmful and weakens once body.
Allergy is kind of hypersensitive reaction which is having fast response within few minutes rather than hours or days. In the case of allergies free antigens cross link with IgE on mast cells and basophils and releases vasoactive biomolecules. Few example of Allergies are anaphylaxis and asthma.
Autoimmune disorders are also a kind of hypersensitive reaction which occurs when body's immune system attacks own body cells mistakenly. few examples are Type 1 diabetes, Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and Multiple sclerosis.
