Answer:
The Six Kingdoms. When Linnaeus developed his system of classification, there were only two kingdoms, Plants and Animals. But the use of the microscope led to the discovery of new organisms and the identification of differences in cells. Today the system of classification includes six kingdoms.
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Answer:
absorption of oxygen
Explanation:
the others would not make sense so i think this is the answer
Answer:
A proton gradient is generated by the transport of protons into the thylakoid lumen.
Protons move from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma through ATP synthase, producing ATP.
Explanation:
During photosynthesis, the environment is made acidic inside the lumen i.e. H⁺ are pumped into thylakoid lumen from stroma as a result of which more H⁺ are present in the thylakoid lumen as compared to stroma. It happens during light dependent reaction of photosynthesis. The concentration of H⁺ is already higher in lumen and transfer of more and more H⁺ from stroma increases the concentration of H⁺ even more leading to generation of a potential gradient. These H⁺ subsequently tend to move freely from lumen to stroma via "reverse pumps known as ATP synthase". The reason why these are known as reverse pumps is because pumps usually move particles from lower to higher concentration which is an active movement i.e. not natural so such movement requires energy. Naturally particles move from higher to lower concentration gradient until the concentration becomes equal on both the sides but pumps act opposite of this natural process and move particles from lower to higher concentration and utilize energy to do it. But here H⁺ are moving from higher to lower concentration which occurs naturally so ATP synthase rather than using energy tend to generate energy and this free energy is used to generate ATP from ADP & Pi (inorganic phosphate).
Answer:
Protists are eukaryotic organisms that cannot be classified as a plant, animal, or fungus. They are mostly unicellular, but some, like algae, are multicellular. ... Protists can be heterotrophic, which means they obtain the energy they need to live by consuming other organisms.
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From Google
