Answer: Then the longer it is, the more it protects against degradation. Proteins that are needed over a long period of time come from a long tailed mRNA.
Explanation:
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the ribonucleic acid that transfers the genetic code from the DNA of the cell nucleus to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. It determines the order in which the amino acids in a protein will bind and acts as a template or pattern for the synthesis of that protein.
Messenger RNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus in eukaryotes from the process called DNA transcription.
<u> In most cases, once this messenger RNA has been synthesized, it must be matured (RNA maturation)</u>. This involves the removal of intercalary sequences called non-coding introns from the protein to be synthesized. Then, the addition of a structure called CAP to the 5' end, which is a modified guanine nucleotide needed for the normal process of DNA transplantation and maintaining its stability. This is critical for proper recognition and access of the ribosome. Also, polyadenylation which is the addition of the sequence called Poly-A to the 3' end. The Poly-A sequence is made up of several adenine molecules and is located at about 20-30 bp towards the tail (AAPAA sequence) or polyadenylation signal, which protects the end of the mRNA. The polyadenylation helps to increase the period of the message, so that the transcription lasts longer in the cell and therefore more protein is translated and produced.
This mature messenger RNA is transferred to the cell's cytoplasm, in the case of eukaryotes, through pores in the nuclear membrane. The messenger RNA in the cytoplasm is coupled to the ribosomes, which are the machinery in charge of protein synthesis.<u> However, after a certain amount of time the mRNA is degraded</u> into its component nucleotides, usually with the help of ribonucleases. So, an mRNA with a short tail will have a shorter lifespan.
Then, proteins that are needed over a long period of time come from a long tailed mRNA. And proteins that are briefly nedded come from a short tailed mRNA. This is because, as explained, the Poly-A tail serves to protect the mRNA molecule from degradation. So, then the longer it is, the more it protects against degradation.
Explanation:
Template: T, A, C, G
Pairing: T- A, A-T, C-G, G-C
Answer: adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
Further explanation:
Nucleic acids are comprised of smaller units called nucleotides and function as storage for the body’s genetic information. These monomers include ribonucleic acid (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). They differ from other macromolecules since they don’t provide the body with energy. They exist solely to encode and protein synthesis.
Basic makeup: C, H, O, P; they contain phosphate group 5 carbon sugar, these nitrogen bases which may contain single to double bond ring.
DNA stores all of an organism’s genetic information. Its molecules comprise the nitrogenous bases Guanine, Adenine, Cytosine and Thymine. These pair up as base pairs due to their varied structure- largely influenced by the location of N molecule ;
- cytosine and thymine are formed from pyrimidines- N at position 1 and 3 of a fused ring;
- Guanine and adenine are formed from organic compounds called purines (pyramidines fused to another organic ring of imidazole)
- Each base pair contains a purine and pyrimidine joined via hydrogen bonding e.g. A-T & G-C and are called base complements.
In certain combinations, these bases form codons which act as instructions for protein synthesis. Codons are three nucleotide bases encoding an amino acid or signal at the beginning or end of protein synthesis.
Learn more about transcription at brainly.com/question/11339456
Learn more about DNA and RNA at brainly.com/question/2416343?source=aid8411316
Answer:
ATP
Explanation:
We are well aware of the fact that ATP is considered to be the energy currency of the cell. If we talk about cell activities it needs an energy input. No doubt that H+ ions play an important role in electron transport chain step of the production of ATP, but the ultimate product which is used by the cell is ATP.
AMP and ADP are also energy sources but they contain less amount of energy as compared to ADP because in ATP there are three phosphate bonds and each bond upon breakage releases almost 7.3 kj/mol of energy. So it definitely will be more in ATP as compared to ADP and AMP.
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The hormones which cause Jane’s problem are the thyroid hormones.
The condition is hypothyroidism
Explanation:
Condition: Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder which arises when the thyroid gland cannot produce the necessary amount of thyroid hormones like thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
Both T3 and T4 are tyrosine-based hormones which regulate metabolism and any deficiency slows down the metabolic processes and can result in high cholesterol levels and atherosclerosis
Causes: An underactive thyroid gland and Autoimmune disorder
Diagnosis: Thyroid function tests by measuring serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and T4 levels
In hypothyroidism, the TSH secreted by the pituitary gland will be high because it is producing more hormones to stimulate the underactive thyroid gland.
An underactive thyroid gland cannot produce normal levels of T4 in the body.
Symptoms: Fatigue and weakness, cold intolerance, weight gain and puffy appearance, hair thinning, dry skin, decreased concentration, poor memory, muscle and body aches etc.
Treatment
: Hormone replacement therapy with levothyroxine
Plants gather the suns energy called pigments
