Will the fossil record ever be complete?
Today, through over a century of study of both the Earth's surface and the completeness of the fossil record, paleontologists have been able to determine that while the record will never be complete and always has preservation biases, we often have more than enough evidence to draw strong evolutionary conclusions about ...
Answer:
- First outgroup → Ray-Finned Fishes
- Second outgroup → Sharks
Explanation:
The outgroup is the most distant taxonomic group that shares no traits or characters with the lineages of interest, which compose the ingroup. You can compare the outgroup with the ingroup to determine the evolutive relationship and which characters are primitive or derived.
Even though the outgroup shares a common ancestor with the ingroup, this is placed far away in evolution, making the outgroup to be the taxonomic group less related to the other lineages. The lineages in the ingroup share another common ancestor that is more recent in history.
To select the outgroup, you need to focus on what you are interested in. There might be several outgroups, but you should choose the one that is more related or closer to the ingroups. This selection is important because you need to make comparisons to understand the evolution of specific traits.
In the exposed example, we need to focus on animals that have four limbs. Then, we might assume that the ingroup is composed of Amphibians Crocodiles Dinosaurs. Sharks and Ray-Finned Fish do not have four limbs, so they might be considered outgroups.
From these two outgroups, sharks have a cartilaginous skeleton, while Ray-Finned Fishes have a bony skeleton. This fact makes ray-finned fishes more related to the ingroup than the sharks. So,
- First outgroup → Ray-Finned Fishes
- Second outgroup → Sharks
Answer:
Density (near r.t. ) Carbon (from Latin: carbo "coal") is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table.
Explanation:
Answer;
0.39 times the mass of Venus
The mass of Jupiter is 0.39 times the mass of Venus
Explanation;
Important facts;
-Jupiter is 11.8 times bigger than Venus.
-Almost 1400 planets the size of Venus could fit inside Jupiter.
-Venus is the second closest planet to orbit the Sun
The mass of Venus is 4.87 × 1024 kilograms
The mass of Jupiter is 1,898 × 1024 kilograms
Hence; The mass of Venus/ The mass of Jupiter
4.87 × 1024 kilograms/1,898 × 1024 kilograms
= 0.39
Therefore; The mass of Jupiter is 0.39 times the mass of Venus
