According to the continental drift theory, the supercontinent
Pangaea began to break up about 225-200 million years ago, eventually
fragmenting into the continents as we know them today.
The tropical atmospheric circulation associated with rising winds along the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and descending air in the subtropics are called Hadley cells. or Hadley circulation
The Hadley circulation, also known as the Hadley cell, is a worldwide tropical atmospheric circulation pattern that occurs due to uneven solar heating at different latitudes surrounding the equator. The Hadley circulation causes air around the equator to rise to about 10-15 kilometers, flow poleward (toward the North Pole above the equator, the South Pole below the equator), descend in the subtropics, and then flow back to the equator along the Earth's surface.
Climate scientists are interested in Hadley cell because it controls precipitation in the subtropics and creates a region known as the intertropical convergence zone, which produces a band of major, highly precipitous storms.
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