The Umayyad dynasty established Arabic as the official language of the caliphate.
B is the answer because it exemplifies how the word is linked with the source of where the word came from and what it means in Greek.
1.A, 2.A, 3.A, 4.B. It may be coincident that the first 3 are A's.
Poe uses the same words at the beginning of each stanza
Their are lots of methods on being astute (: