Hard to see from the colours but I would say its the 2nd darkest one which I think is chinese
The answer to that question you are asking is "guardian"
It was important for the same reason it is now. Just as we now don’t like for the federal government to tell us what to do, This states who declared their independence from the union did not want the federal government to tell them what crops they could raise via whether they could use slave labor or not.