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The United States Supreme Court ruled in Baker v. Carr (1962) held federal courts could review claims that a state's redistricting of electoral lines violates the Equal 14th Amendment Amendment to the Constitution.
About Equal Protection Clause
The United States Constitution's Fourteenth Amendment's first section contains the Equal Protection Clause. The article states that "neither shall any state deny to any individual within its authority the equal protection of laws." It came into force in 1868. It demands that the law treat people equally who are in similar circumstances. Civil Rights Act of 1866's equality provisions were a major driving force behind the inclusion of this paragraph.
To know more about Baker v. Carr:
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Answer:
Individual rights are balanced against the individual rights of others, and the rights of everyone as a whole, or the common good, or basically, what benefits everyone. ... The government and courts can also use their power to keep individuals from harming the public as a whole when utilizing their individual rights.
That would be a concurrent power
Answer:
Liberals consider that the lack of government participation in social and economic issues are what generate inequality, poverty and social backwardness in certain groups of the American population.
Thus, the lack of government participation to provide social welfare and regulate the inherent racism of African-Americans and other minorities is what in turn generates social exclusion, given that for reasons of discrimination they do not obtain the same jobs, opportunities or education as the white. This, as a consequence, generates poverty, inequality and pushes many of these people to the scourges of addictions, crime and other negativities.
Thus, racism and inequality are two issues that go hand in hand when explaining why many prisons are populated by people of certain races described as minorities in the country.