The student who caught the cold caused by this specific Rhinovirus was exposed to the exact same Rhinovirus 18 months later. Memory B cells of the immune system will protect her from getting the same cold again.
In immunology, a memory B cell (MBC) is a type of B lymphocyte that forms part of the adaptive immune system. These cells develop within germinal centres of the secondary lymphoid organs.
Memory B cells circulate in the blood stream in a quiescent state, sometimes for decades. Their function is to memorize the characteristics of the antigen that activated their parent B cell during initial infection such that if the memory B cell later encounters the same antigen, it triggers an accelerated and robust secondary immune response.
Memory B cells have B cell receptors (BCRs) on their cell membrane, identical to the one on their parent cell, that allow them to recognize antigen and mount a specific antibody response.
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Anti-caking Agents- keep powdered food flowing freely and prevent lumping, caking, and moisture absorption
pH control agents- control acidity and alkalinity
Preservatives- help prevent chemical reactions that cause food to deteriorate
Stabilizers, thickeners, and texturizers- give food a uniform texture
Answer:c
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Primary succession occurs in an area that has not been previously inhabited by a community. Places where primary succession occurs include newly exposed rock areas, sand dunes, and lava flows.
