If oral contraceptives are to be started within 3 weeks after an abortion, additional forms of contraception should be used throughout the first week to avoid the risk of pregnancy.
Answer:
D. the proximal convoluted tubule
Explanation:
Answer:
their is nothing did you try to put something up
Cells respond to environmental effects through signal transduction, which promotes healthy cell growth and normal cell function.
<h3>Why is the signal transduction step necessary?</h3>
The reason why after a signal binds to a signal receptor, we need the next step is as follows:
- For the purpose of triggering an appropriate cellular response, living creatures have evolved a vast range of intricate procedures to send signals from the outside to the inside.
- These molecular pathways can develop flaws that result in a variety of ailments, including diabetes, cancer, and psychotic conditions.
- It is the mechanism by which a cell responds to the stimuli it receives from the environment by diffusion of those signals to its internal compartments.
- Signal transduction is the process by which a cell translates a given signal or external stimulus into another signal or specific response.
- First, a particular receptor on the cell's membrane or cytoplasm must be activated by a signaling molecule (also known as a ligand). transduction.
- Ligand-receptor binding is extremely specific; it can be compared to a lock and key.
- Second messengers are chemicals that enable intracellular signal amplification after a signal has been received.
- A ligand's interaction to a receptor may result in the production of hundreds of second messenger molecules, which may then change thousands of effector molecules to cause a variety of reactions.
- Signal transduction enables cells to perceive, interpret, and react to various environmental signals, enabling them to carry out their usual functions.
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1. skin
2. pathogen
3. bacterial, viral
4*. immune response
5*. adaptive or acquired
6. leukocytes
7*. cell-mediated immune response, humoral immune response
8. B-cells, T-cells
9*. the helper T-cell, cytotoxic t-cells
10. antibody
11. nodes
* = not 100% sure
