<span>A political cause was the strengthening of modern European monarchies, since the crusades had weakened the great feudal lords, many had died and others fell into poverty, given the continuous failures to seize lands in the East.</span>
The answer is D, Kaiser Wilhelm was the last German Emperor (Kaiser) and King of Prussia, ruling the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918.
