Which derived character caused the k. monera to be divided into the k. archaebacteria and the k. eubacteria?

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Derived characteristics refers to those traits that have changed from ancestral form or function. The derived character, which cause K. monera to be divided into K. archeabacteria and K. eubacteria is that genetically and biochemically the two are different. The archeabacterial possess unusual lipid, which is not find in eubacteria or any other organism. And this give it the capacity to live in extreme environments.

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A single-celled eukaryotic organism that is neither a consumer nor a decomposer would most likely be classified in _____.

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A single-celled eukaryotic organism that is neither a consumer nor a decomposer would most likely be classified in Kingdom Protista.

Kingdom protista:

The classification of a third kingdom, separate from animals and plants was first proposed by John Hogg in 1860 as the kingdom Protista; in 1866 Ernst Haeckel also proposed a third kingdom Protista as "the kingdom of primitive forms".
Originally these also included prokaryotes, but with time these were removed to a fourth kingdom Monera.
In the popular five-kingdom scheme proposed by Robert Whittaker in 1969, Protista was defined as eukaryotic "organisms which are unicellular or unicellular-colonial and which form no tissues", and the fifth kingdom Fungi was established.
In the five-kingdom system of Lynn Margulis, the term protist is reserved for microscopic organisms, while the more inclusive kingdom Protoctista (or protoctists) included certain large multicellular eukaryotes, such as kelp, red algae, and slime molds.
Some use the term protist interchangeably with Margulis's protoctist, to encompass both single-celled and multicellular eukaryotes, including those that form specialized tissues but do not fit into any of the other traditional kingdoms.