Host-pathogen interactions, emphasizing issues such as the host immune response upon infection, and the mechanism of pathogen transmission in the investigation and analysis of the different stages of infection.
<h3>Pathogen </h3>
The severity of the disease symptoms is referred to as virulence, and a pathogen is an organism that causes disease in its host. Pathogens are diverse in terms of taxonomy and include bacteria, viruses, and both single- and multicellular eukaryotes. Pathogens impact all living things, including bacteria, which are the target of specialist viruses called phages.
There are countless bacteria and viruses on the planet, and they live in virtually every environment. Over ten billion bacteria and one hundred billion viruses are generally present in one liter of surface seawater.
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Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of bone <span />
Answer:
Volcanic gases. (Ans A)
Explanation:
Ocean water is salty because of the presence of dissolved salt. When water contact with a rock it starts weathering processes and this process starts to dissolve the soluble elements such as sodium out of the rock.
In volcanic gases, lots of chlorine ions are present in the atmosphere, these ions easily dissolve with water and produce the large flux of chloride that splashes into the oceans. So, the most common source of chloride ions in ocean waters comes from the volcanic explosions.
Answer:
Ecological niches allow species to exist in their environment. Under the right conditions, the species will thrive and play a unique role. Without the ecological niches, there would be less biodiversity, and the ecosystem would not be in balance.
If two species occupied the same niche, they would be competing for the exact same resources. The competitive exclusion principle states that one of the species would drive the other to extinction.
Explanation:
