Dynastic cycle (traditional Chinese: 朝代循環; simplified Chinese: 朝代循环; pinyin: Cháodài Xúnhuán) is an important political theory in the Chinese history. According to this theory, each dynasty in Chinese history, rises to a political, cultural, and economic peak and then, because of moral corruption, declines, loses the Mandate of Heaven, and falls, only to be replaced by a new dynasty. The cycle then repeats under a surface pattern of repetitive motifs.[1]
It sees a continuity in Chinese history from early times to the present by looking at the succession of empires or dynasties, implying that there is little basic development or change in social or economic structures.[2] John K. Fairbank expressed the doubts of many historians when he wrote that "the concept of the dynastic cycle... has been a major block to the understanding of the fundamental dynamics of Chinese history."[3]
<span>It forced the Germans to fight the war on two fronts.
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After the American Revolution, Jay believed in a strong central government than that created by the Articles of the Confederation, the first constitution of the United States. One of his chief gripes with the Articles of Confederation was America's lack of unity on trade: the national Congress could promise countries like France or Spain access to shipping ports, but without an executive branch to enforce the promises, any of the states could ignore the rules.
President Anwar Sadat of Egypt had worked together with Israel's prime minister Menachem Begin, at the urging of US President Jimmy Carter. They met at Camp David in the US for 12 days in September of 1978, and worked out the Camp David Accords. Egypt and Israel later signed the Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty in March of 1979 -- a peace between Egypt and Israel that has lasted to the present day.
Sadat, however, paid a price for his peace efforts. Islamist activists in Egypt heatedly opposed him because of his moderation. Sadat was assassinated in October, 1981.
