A person who is described as Machiavellian is someone who is very sneaky and cunning. In terms of politics, this person can be very deceitful and tacky towards his plans. He has the will and the motivation, however, it is stained with cold selfishness.
A person who is described as "Machiavellian" is someone who believes that "the end justifies the means."
The word, Machiavellian, is taken from the Italian Philosopher Machiavelli famous work The Prince which is a guide to political strategy.
Someone Machiavellian is cunning, sneaky and lacks moral conduct which Machiavelli, points out that "the end justifies the means" behavior especially among politicians. A Machiavellian person manipulates situations or their benefit by the use of human emotions when suited, and dropping them when not.
I think it's D b/c it's called the Industrial Revolution. SO wouldn't the answer have something to do with the revolution? (D) something to do with the the Industrial Revolution so wouldn't make sense that that be the answer. Also revolution is another word for war. Industrial is another word for business. (D) has to do with war, workers, and industrialist, so it makes sense that the answer would be (D).