Answer:
<h2>d. A vision of the good society in a modernizing future.</h2>
Explanation:
The Russian and Chinese revolutions both had a commitment to Marxist ideology. However, the French Revolution occurred a number of decades before Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels set down the foundations of communist theory. There was a radical group during the French Revolution, led by François-Noël Babeuf (<em>aka </em>Gracchus Babeuf), which called for a communist style society. That movement was known as "The Conspiracy of Equals." But the French Revolution overall was not something motivated by communist-style thinking.
All three revolutions, though, did put forth their own vision of a good society that would be created in a better, more modern future. French Revolutionaries wanted to end the old regime of monarchy and aristocracy and put into place a society of liberty, equality and fraternity. The Bolsheviks in Russia wanted to pull Russia forward out of an non-industrial past into a cooperative, productive future. Mao Zedong's communist revolution in China also wanted a "Great Leap Forward" from an outdated pattern of society to a newly imagined, more modern order.
